Composite-metal bar.



- F. E. CANDA.

. 1914. 1, 179,696. Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

rrn Ta FERDINAND E. CANDA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T0 CHROME STEEL WORKS, OF CHROME, 'NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

COMPOSITE-METAL BAR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

19, 1914. Serial No. 819,769.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FERDINAND E. CANDA, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composite-Metal Bars, of which the fol-. lowing is a specification.

This invention relates to a composite metal bar, particularly adapted for use as a jail bar and for similar uses, and comprises a bar consisting in the main of relatively soft metal and having one or more external ribs, and having interspersed through it in a spaced arrangement, a plurality of cores of relatively hard metal, certain of said cores lying partly within said ribs.

In jail bars it is desirable to have a body of tough and flexible character (which, of course, means a relatively soft steel or like metal), containing a plurality of cores or bars of harder metal so interspersed through the mass of softer metal as to prevent sawing or boring of the bar; the soft but tough metal constituting the body of the bar, preventing breaking of the bar even when the same is bent cold and permitting the bar to be shaped when either hot or cold. Such a compound bar I have described and claimed in my Patent No. 847,551 dated March 19, 1907. In the case of certain types of jail bars, and of bars for other purposes, of such bars longitudinal ribs; and in such cases it is desirable that the hard cores. or cast-in bars before referred to, shall extend up into such ribs so as to prevent sawing off or sawing through the ribs themselves.

In another application for Letters Patent Serial No. 357,853 filed February 18, 1907, of which the present application is a division, I have illustrated and described a process by which bars such as above referred to, and having the hard metal cores partly within the ribs of the bar, may be produced.

In the accompanying drawings I illustrate the various steps in the production of bars such as above described.

In said drawings: Figure 1 shows a vertical longitudinal section of a mold with hard metal bars therein, said mold being prepared for the pouring of the softer and tougher metal therein. Fig. 2 shows atransverse section through such a mold. Fig.

it is desirable to have on the surfaces 7 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but indicates the use of a soft metal center rod to reduce piping. Fig. 4 shows a transverse section of one form of ingot such as may be used in the production of the jail bars, and the like. Fig. 5 shows another such form of ingot; and Fig. 6 still another such form. Fig. 7 shows on a larger scale than the preceding figures, a transverse section of a ribbed jail bar constructed as herein described; and Fig. 8 shows a detail elevation 'of reducing rolls, and illustrates the formation of the ribs thereby.

In said drawings, 1 designates the flask of the mold, 2 the green sand body of the mold, 3, 3 dry sand cores in the mold, one of them containing the runner 4, said cores supporting the inserted hard metal bars 5.

The mold having been prepared, the cores inserted and the bars 5 placed within said cores, the mold is poured in the ordinary.

manner, the softer metal, usually low carbon steel, rising up around the inserted rods or cores 5 and completely surrounding the same and welding thereto. In this Way ingots of any of the sections shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 may be produced.

In Figs. 5 and 6, 6 designates the tough metal body of the ingot, and 7, 7 and 8, 8 cast-in cores or bars of harder metal, such as were originally the bars 5 inserted. into the mold. For preventing piping of the ingot I place wlthin the mold a center rod of soft metal which in the final ingot produces a soft metal cast-in bar 9 indicated in Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 7.

WVhen it is desired to form ribbed jail bars or the like, into the ribs of which hard metal cores are to be drawn, the bars which are to be so drawn up into the ribs are of rectangular or other elongated cross section, and are placed edgewise or radially, so as to produce ingots such as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 for example, in which numer als 8 designate bars which were so placed edgewise in the mold and are still arranged edgewise in the cast ingot. In reducing these ingots to final form they are rolled in the ordinary manner except that they are rolled only from the sides which these cores 8 face, and from the sides at right angles thereto. I commonly start with bars of octagonal section, though this is not essential, and work from that section Divided and this application filed February to a square section and then to an oval and finally to the round ribbed section, the final pass being between rolls having circular grooves 10 (Fig. 8) at the bases of which the ribs 12, as indicated in Fig. 7. In this owing to the fact that high carbon steel melts at a lower temperature than low carbon steel, and consequently at higher forging temperatures is softer than low carbon steel. Nevertheless the ingot rolls readily and without change of relative positions of the various hard steel cores. 7 As the metal cools during rolling the hard steel cores become of the same hardness as the soft steel body, and finally become of'greater hardness; and it is doubtless owing to this fact, that it is possible in the final pass for forming the ribs 12, to draw the edgewise cores 8 up into these ribs, as shown in Fig. 7

'The soft metal center bars 9 doubtless prevent piping bychilling the molten metal in immediate contact with them and at the same time welding thereto, thus causing solidification to start from the inside as well as from the outside, and providing a body of relatively strong metal to resist the disruptive stresses within the body of the ingot'due to solidification at the outside, The rolling takes out whatever internal stresses there may be in the metal due to solidification both from the outside and from the center.

What I claim is:

1. As an article of manufacture, a composite' metal bar comprising a body of relatively soft and tough metal having interspersed through it in a space arrangement, a plurality of cores of relatively hard metal,

said, bar having'in its outer surface longitudinal ribs, certain of said hard metal tudinal ribs, certain of said hard steel cores H. M. MARnLE, D. A, DAVIES. I

Gopies of this patent may be obtainedfor five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. 0. 

